需要将使用 in 查询的字段写成闭包的形式

$where['status'] = 1;
$ids = [1,2];
$where[] = [function($query) use ($ids){
    $query->whereIn('id', $ids);
}];
$list = User::where($where)
    ->get();

生成 sql 如下

select * from `users` where (`status` = 1 and (`id` in (1, 2)))