点击刷新
ansible-playbook
playbook是由一个或多个模块组成的，使用多个不同的模块，完成一件事情。
ansible软件特点
可以实现批量管理
可以实现批量部署
ad-hoc(批量执行命令)---针对临时性的操作
ansible clsn -m command -a "hostname" <- 批量执行命令举例
编写剧本-脚本(playbook)---针对重复性的操作
ansible核心功能
pyYAML-----用于ansible编写剧本所使用的语言格式（saltstack---python）
rsync-ini语法 sersync-xml语法 ansible-pyYAML语法
paramiko---远程连接与数据传输
Jinja2-----用于编写ansible的模板信息
剧本编写规则说明
YAML三板斧
缩进
YAML使用一个固定的缩进风格表示层级结构,每个缩进由两个空格组成, 不能使用tabs
冒号
短横线
表示列表项，使用一个短横杠加一个空格。
多个项使用同样的缩进级别作为同一列表。
剧本书写格式
- hosts: 172.16.1.7 处理指定服务器 (空格)hosts:(空格)172.16.1.7
task: 剧本所要干的事情; (空格)(空格)task:
- name: （两个空格）-（空格）name:
command: echo hello clsn linux （四个空格）command:(空格)
剧本格式示例
[root@m01 ansible-playbook]# vim rsync.yaml
- hosts: 172.16.1.41
tasks:
- name: Install Rsync
yum: name=rsync state=installed
剧本检查方法
ansible-playbook --syntax-check 01.yml
--- 进行剧本配置信息语法检查
ansible-playbook -C 01.yml
--- 模拟剧本执行（彩排）
语法检查
ansible-playbook --syntax-check
[root@m01 ansible-playbook]# ansible-playbook --syntax-check 01.yml
playbook: 01.yml
模拟剧本执行
ansible-playbook -C
[root@m01 ansible-playbook]# ansible-playbook -C 01.yml
PLAY [all] ****************************************************************
TASK [Gathering Facts] ****************************************************
ok: [172.16.1.41]
ok: [172.16.1.8]
此处省略………..
PLAY RECAP ****************************************************************
172.16.1.31 : ok=2 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0
172.16.1.41 : ok=2 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0
172.16.1.8 : ok=2 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0
剧本示例
剧本编写内容扩展：剧本任务编写多个任务
- hosts: all
tasks:
- name: restart-network
cron: name='restart network' minute=00 hour=00 job='/usr/sbin/ntpdate time.nist.gov >/dev/null 2>&1'
- name: sync time
cron: name='sync time' minute=*/5 job="/usr/sbin/ntpdate pool.ntp.com >/dev/null 2>&1"
剧本编写内容扩展：剧本任务编写多个主机
- hosts: 172.16.1.7
tasks:
- name: restart-network
cron: name='restart network' minute=00 hour=00 job='/usr/sbin/ntpdate time.nist.gov >/dev/null 2>&1'
- name: sync time
cron: name='sync time' minute=*/5 job="/usr/sbin/ntpdate pool.ntp.com >/dev/null 2>&1"
- hosts: 172.16.1.31
tasks:
- name: show ip addr to file
shell: echo $(hostname -i) >> /tmp/ip.txt
剧本编写方式
多主机单任务编写方式
多主机多任务编写方式
不同主机多任务编写方式
Ansible项目案例
环境规划
全网备份
实时备份
| 角色 | 外网IP(NAT) | 内网IP(LAN) | 部署软件 |
|---|---|---|---|
| m01 | eth0:10.0.0.61 | eth1:172.16.1.61 | ansible |
| backup | eth0:10.0.0.41 | eth1:172.16.1.41 | rsync |
| nfs | eth0:10.0.0.31 | eth1:172.16.1.31 | nfs、Sersync |
| web01 | eth0:10.0.0.7 | eth1:172.16.1.7 | httpd |
目录规划
[root@m01 ~]# mkdir /etc/ansible/ansible_playbook/{file,conf,scripts} -p
[root@m01 ~]# tree /etc/ansible/ansible_playbook/
/etc/ansible/ansible_playbook/
├── conf
└── file
└── scripts
需提前准备好的文件
rsync配置文件
准备对应的配置文件存放至/etc/ansible/ansible_playbook/conf/
[root@m01 conf]# cat /etc/ansible/ansible_playbook/conf/rsyncd.conf
uid = www
gid = www
port = 873
fake super = yes
use chroot = no
max connections = 200
timeout = 600
ignore errors
read only = false
list = false
auth users = rsync_backup
secrets file = /etc/rsync.password
log file = /var/log/rsyncd.log
#####################################
[backup]
path = /backup
[data]
path = /data
nfs配置文件
准备nfs配置文件exports
[root@m01 ansible_playbook]# cat /etc/ansible/ansible_playbook/conf/nfs_exports
/data/ 172.16.1.0/24(rw,sync,all_squash,anonuid=666,anongid=666)
Sersync软件包
下载Sersync软件包
[root@m01 ansible_playbook]# ll /etc/ansible/ansible_playbook/file/
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 727290 Aug 1 12:04 sersync.tar.gz
sersync配置文件
准备sersync实时同步的配置文件
[root@m01 ansible_playbook]# cat /etc/ansible/ansible_playbook/conf/confxml.xml.nfs
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
<head version="2.5">
<host hostip="localhost" port="8008"></host>
<debug start="false"/>
<fileSystem xfs="true"/>
<filter start="false">
<exclude expression="(.*)\.svn"></exclude>
<exclude expression="(.*)\.gz"></exclude>
<exclude expression="^info/*"></exclude>
<exclude expression="^static/*"></exclude>
</filter>
<inotify>
<delete start="true"/>
<createFolder start="true"/>
<createFile start="true"/>
<closeWrite start="true"/>
<moveFrom start="true"/>
<moveTo start="true"/>
<attrib start="false"/>
<modify start="false"/>
</inotify>
<sersync>
<localpath watch="/data">
<remote ip="172.16.1.41" name="data"/>
</localpath>
<rsync>
<commonParams params="-az"/>
<auth start="true" users="rsync_backup" passwordfile="/etc/rsync.pass"/>
<userDefinedPort start="false" port="874"/><!-- port=874 -->
<timeout start="true" time="100"/><!-- timeout=100 -->
<ssh start="false"/>
</rsync>
<failLog path="/tmp/rsync_fail_log.sh" timeToExecute="60"/><!--default every 60mins execute once-->
<crontab start="false" schedule="600"><!--600mins-->
<crontabfilter start="false">
<exclude expression="*.php"></exclude>
<exclude expression="info/*"></exclude>
</crontabfilter>
</crontab>
<plugin start="false" name="command"/>
</sersync>
<plugin name="command">
<param prefix="/bin/sh" suffix="" ignoreError="true"/> <!--prefix /opt/tongbu/mmm.sh suffix-->
<filter start="false">
<include expression="(.*)\.php"/>
<include expression="(.*)\.sh"/>
</filter>
</plugin>
<plugin name="socket">
<localpath watch="/opt/tongbu">
<deshost ip="192.168.138.20" port="8009"/>
</localpath>
</plugin>
<plugin name="refreshCDN">
<localpath watch="/data0/htdocs/cms.xoyo.com/site/">
<cdninfo domainname="ccms.chinacache.com" port="80" username="xxxx" passwd="xxxx"/>
<sendurl base="http://pic.xoyo.com/cms"/>
<regexurl regex="false" match="cms.xoyo.com/site([/a-zA-Z0-9]*).xoyo.com/images"/>
</localpath>
</plugin>
</head>
基础环境部署
基础环境：所有机器统一的配置
1.需要关闭firewalld以及selinux、epel仓库、ssh端口、优化基础配置
2.需要安装rsync和nfs-utils
3.准备www用户
4.需要准备/etc/rsync.pass密码文件
5.需要准备全网备份脚本
基础的playbook剧本
[root@m01 ansible_playbook]# cat base.yaml
- hosts: all
tasks:
- name: Install Epel Repos
get_url: url=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo dest=/etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo
- name: Install Rsync Nfs-Utils
yum: name=rsync,nfs-utils state=installed
- name: Create Group WWW
group: name=www gid=666
- name: Create User WWW
user: name=www uid=666 group=666 create_home=no shell=/sbin/nologin
- name: Create Rsync_Client_Pass
copy: content='1' dest=/etc/rsync.pass mode=600
- name: Create Scripts Directory
file: path=/server/scripts recurse=yes state=directory
- name: Push File Scripts
copy: src=./scripts/rsync_backup_md5.sh dest=/server/scripts/
- name: Crontable Scripts
cron: name="backup scripts" hour=01 minute=00 job="/bin/bash /server/scripts/rsync_backup_md5.sh &>/dev/null"
应用环境：Rsync
1.安装rsync
2.配置rsync（配置变更，一定要进行重载操作）
3.创建虚拟用户，权限调整
4.创建目录/data/ /backup
5.启动rsync
6.配置邮箱->邮箱的发件人->校验的脚本
[root@m01 ansible_playbook]# cat rsync.yaml
- hosts: backup
tasks:
- name: Installed Rsync Server
yum: name=rsync,mailx state=installed
- name: configure Rsync Server
copy: src=./conf/rsyncd.conf dest=/etc/rsyncd.conf
notify: Restart Rsync Server
- name: Create Virt User
copy: content='rsync_backup:1' dest=/etc/rsync.password mode=600
- name: Create Data
file: path=/data state=directory recurse=yes owner=www group=www mode=755
- name: Create Backup
file: path=/backup state=directory recurse=yes owner=www group=www mode=755
- name: Start RsyncServer
service: name=rsyncd state=started enabled=yes
- name: Push Check Scripts
copy: src=./scripts/rsync_check_backup.sh dest=/server/scripts/
- name: Crond Check Scripts
cron: name="check scripts" hour=05 minute=00 job="/bin/bash /server/scripts/rsync_check_backup.sh &>/dev/null"
应用环境：NFS
1.安装nfs-utils
2.配置nfs （当修改了配置，触发重载操作）
3.创建目录，授权
4.启动
[root@m01 ansible_playbook]# cat nfs.yaml
- hosts: nfs
tasks:
- name: Installed Nfs Server
yum: name=nfs-utils state=installed
- name: Configure Nfs Server
copy: src=./conf/exports dest=/etc/exports
notify: Restart Nfs Server
- name: Create Share Data
file: path=/data state=directory recurse=yes owner=www group=www mode=755
- name: Start Nfs Server
service: name=nfs-server state=started enabled=yes
handlers:
- name: Restart Nfs Server
service: name=nfs-server state=restarted
应用环境：Sersync
1.下载sersync
2.解压，改名，配置
3.启动
[root@m01 ansible_playbook]# cat sersync.yaml
- hosts: nfs
tasks:
- name: Scp Sersync
copy: src=./file/sersync2.5.4_64bit_binary_stable_final.tar.gz dest=/usr/local/sersync.tar.gz
- name: Zip
shell: cd /usr/local && tar xf sersync.tar.gz && mv GNU-Linux-x86 sersync
args:
creates: /usr/local/sersync
- name: configure Sersync
copy: src=./conf/confxml.xml dest=/usr/local/sersync/
- name: Start Sersync
shell: /usr/local/sersync/sersync2 -dro /usr/local/sersync/confxml.xml
应用环境：WEB
挂载nfs共享的目录
[root@m01 ansible_playbook]# cat web.yaml
- hosts: web
tasks:
- name: Mount NFS Server Share Data
mount: src=172.16.1.31:/data path=/data fstype=nfs opts=defaults state=mounted
包含include
[root@m01 ansible_playbook]# cat mail.yaml
- import_playbook: base.yaml
- import_playbook: rsync.yaml
- import_playbook: nfs.yaml
- import_playbook: sersync.yaml
- import_playbook: web.yaml
© 著作权归作者所有
举报
发表评论
0/200
